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- Copper
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Characteristics / Applications
Characteristics: malleable, ductile, pliable, excellent electricity conductor, corrosion-resistant, non-magnetic, essential nutrient to life, machinable, formable, excellent heat-transfer characteristics, durable, recyclable, biostatic (i.e. bacteria will not grow on its surface) Applications: General : electricity current cables and wiring; water pipes (plumbing); architecture; electrical appliances; telephones; electric motors; transportation equipment (cars); copper-containing paint for hull protection; cookware; ornaments; coinage; electronics; roofing; building construction; cutlery and tableware Brass : electrical fittings, ammunition cases, screws, household fittings, ornaments Bronze : bell casting, telegraph wires (silicon bronze)
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Commercial relevance
The worldwide usage of lead is 18 Million Tons per year, in Germany 1.7 Million Tons. For more information please visit www.wvmetalle.de.
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- Zinc
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Characteristics / Applications
Characteristics: hard, brittle, little affected by air or moisture at ordinary temperatures, essential nutrient to life, recyclable, protects from corrosion, high chemical reactivity Applications: Casting In alloys (such as brass) In coating materials (e.g. galvanised iron, steel) Pharmaceuticals Zinc oxide is used in ointments as an astringent Cosmetics, shampoos, soaps Paints, glass and printing ink Essential trace element in humans Fertilizers Tyres, automobiles Batteries (Zn-air batteries can power cars up to 120 mph) Roofing, façades, counters, bar tops Coinage
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Commercial relevance
The usage of zinc was in 2007 665 000 Tons. For more information please visit www.wvmetalle.de.
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- Lead
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Characteristics / Applications
Characteristics: heavy, soft, dense, low melting point, poor conductor of electricity, resists acid corrosion, recyclable, mass, malleability, long life Lead is a multifunctional metal. Applications are radiation shielding; lead-acid batteries; glass, ceramics and alloys (e.g. pewter and solder); highly technical products, from fetal monitors to fibre optics; cathode ray tubes used in viewing screens for TV, computers and radar; weatherproofing buildings; equipment used in the manufacture of acids; noise reduction from machinery and from engine-rooms in ships
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commercial relevance
Worldwide are 8.2 Million tons of lead used, 389 000 tons in Germany. For more information please visit www.wvmetalle.de.
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- Nickel
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Characteristics / Applications
Characteristics: hard, malleable, ductile, high melting point, low electrical and thermal conductivity, does not tarnish, resists corrosion by alkalis, forms an adherent oxide film, forms alloys readily (both as solute and solvent), ferromagnetic at room temperature, readily deposited by electroplating, exhibits catalytic behaviour, heat resistant. Applications: Alloyed with stainless steel, promotes a stable, ductile, austenitic structure and contributes to corrosion resistance Electroplating (including plating on plastics) Coinage Buildings, infrastructure, chemical production, communications, portable energy supply (rechargeable batteries), environmental protection, food preparation, water treatment (desalination plants), travel, catalyst in chemical processes Automobile trim, bathroom fittings, electronic connectors, computer hard discs Aerospace Electric power generation stations, foundry products Superalloys
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Commercial relevance
The worldwide smelting production is one Million Tonne per year. For more information please visit www.wvmetalle.de.
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- Aluminium
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Characteristics / Applications
Characteristics: lightweight, ductile, malleable, non-magnetic, excellent conductor of electricity, oxidizes easily, highly resistant to tarnish, recyclable Aluminium is used in nearly all technical and daily life sectors. Applications are Shipbuilding, aircraft, wire and cable, cooking utensils, household foil, cans for beer and soft drinks, steel-cored overhead cables, canning uranium slugs for nuclear reactors. An essential constituent in some magnetic materials.
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Commercial relevance
The worldwide usage of Aluminium come to 37.5 Million Tons per year, in Germany 3.6 Million Tons. Fore more information please visit www.wvmetalle.de
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